Can Agile methods be used to write a book? For a growing number of authors (Lisa Crispin, Janet Gregory, Alistair Cockburn, James Shore, Shane Warden and Jurgen Appelo) the answer is resounding yes.
Lisa Crispin and Janet Gregory, authors of the forthcoming book Agile Testing, used a number of Agile Techniques. They started work on the book a year ago by mind mapping the contents of the book (a release plan). Working in two week iterations they mind mapped the contents of two chapters at the start of each iteration (iteration planning). At the end of each iteration they sent chapters out to the reviewers (iteration review with stakeholders/customers).
When asked about pairing and test first, Lisa said:
We paired to draw the mind map of the whole book, for example. We IM'd each other a bunch as we wrote, with questions and discussing feedback, but we didn't actually sit and write anything as a pair. Instead we used lots of really short iterations of passing each chapter back and forth, reviewing each others' changes and adding our own. This helped also with getting the book in one "voice".
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We did do a kind of test first. At Agile 2007, we held a Conference Within a Conference session to find out what problems and issues testers and their teams face, especially in transitioning to agile development. We wanted the book to address all of these issues and questions that were raised.
On the question of Retrospectives, Janet said: "We did not hold formal retrospectives as there was only 2 of us, but we did look at the feedback and discuss what we should do. If we found something wasn't working, we discussed and changed it."
In his book Agile Software Development: The Cooperative Game (2nd Edition), Alistair Cockburn describes the efforts behind the first edition of that book:
- He choose people living in Salt Lake City to work on the book. Not co-location but everyone could meet physically as required.
- Incremental delivery - most editors like to work on paper and edit the manuscript in a single pass.
- Final layout was done with several people meeting at the page layout person's house. Working as a group they were able to rework awkward column breaks on the spot.
Incremental work had the additional benefit of reducing the amount of work for both Alistair and the copy editor: "I met with the copyeditor after she marked up each of the first several chapters, so we could synchronize the style and nature of the changes. As we formed agreement on what counted as a mistake versus what to leave as author's style, the number of marks she had to make got smaller, and the number of corrections I had to make to her corrections got smaller".
The overall gain for Alistair - reducing production time from four months to three weeks. However is often discovered in many agile transitions not everyone is comfortable with the changes.